11.2 架构创新——IT发展源源不断的动力 - 数据结构 - 机器学习
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11.2 架构创新——IT发展源源不断的动力
1123 人参与 2018年09月30日 13:56 分类 : 区块链精品文章 评论
前面提到,图灵机模型奠定了现代计算机的理论基础,而冯·诺依曼架构主导了60多年来计算机的发展。在这60年中,宏
观层面的IT架构发生了几次大的变化。如果从一个构成IT系统的最底层的视角来看,这些大的变化可以归结为,在新的场景中为突破底层冯·诺依曼瓶颈而进行
的上层架构调整。这个怎么理解呢?从单个计算机来看,冯·诺依曼架构在效率上的局限性是很明显的,主要表现在指令串行执行、程序和数据共享总线、计算和数
据分离方面。而在IT层面碰到的问题,包括性能和扩展性问题,需要通过把底层的冯·诺依曼架构的电脑采用特定的协议按一定架构进行组合,以达到在整体上满
足业务的功能和非功能方面的需求。
如果我们回顾IT架构的发展历程,我们可以将其大致分为传统集中式的大中型机时代、以PC为主的客户端/服务端(Client/Server)时代、互联网时代、云计算、大数据时代,到现在是互联网技术和传统行业深度融合的互联网+时代。下面我们简单介绍各个时代的情况。
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