尝试在 CentOS7 上启动 OpenVPN 服务时出现错误
我一直不得不重新安装整个系统并从头开始配置 VPN。每次都有新的东西引起问题。以前用
commenting 反驳了同样的错误;explicit-exit-notify 1
,但现在还不够,我没有想法。
openvpn@server.service 的作业失败,因为控制进程退出并显示错误代码。有关详细信息, 请参阅“systemctl status openvpn@server.service”和“journalctl -xe”。
结果journalctl -xe
是:
Dec 06 10:28:41 window polkitd[657]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:32081:324221 (system bus name :1.74 [/usr/bin/pkttyagent --notify-fd 5 --fallback], object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale en_US.UTF-8) Dec 06 10:28:41 window systemd[1]: Starting OpenVPN Robust And Highly Flexible Tunneling Application On server... -- Subject: Unit openvpn@server.service has begun start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit openvpn@server.service has begun starting up. Dec 06 10:28:41 window systemd[1]: openvpn@server.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE Dec 06 10:28:41 window systemd[1]: Failed to start OpenVPN Robust And Highly Flexible Tunneling Application On server. -- Subject: Unit openvpn@server.service has failed -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit openvpn@server.service has failed. -- -- The result is failed. Dec 06 10:28:41 window systemd[1]: Unit openvpn@server.service entered failed state. Dec 06 10:28:41 window systemd[1]: openvpn@server.service failed. Dec 06 10:28:41 window polkitd[657]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:32081:324221 (system bus name :1.74, object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale en_US.UTF-8) (disconnected from bus)
我的 OpenVPN 服务器配置是:
# TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh2048.pem 2048 dh dh2048.pem # Network topology # Should be subnet (addressing via IP) # unless Windows clients v2.0.9 and lower have to # be supported (then net30, i.e. a /30 per client) # Defaults to net30 (not recommended) ;topology subnet # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. # Note that v2.4 client/server will automatically # negotiate AES-256-GCM in TLS mode. # See also the ncp-cipher option in the manpage cipher AES-256-CBC # Enable compression on the VPN link and push the # option to the client (v2.4+ only, for earlier # versions see below) ;compress lz4-v2 ;push "compress lz4-v2" # For compression compatible with older clients use comp-lzo # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. ;comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. user nobody group nobody # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 # Notify the client that when the server restarts so it # can automatically reconnect. ;explicit-exit-notify 1
journalctl -xe
提供比systemctl status
. 在尝试启动 OpenVPN 服务后编辑问题以包含此命令的输出会很有用。 getenforce
以检查是否正在执行 SELlinux。如果是这样,我建议setenforce 0
在尝试启动 OpenVPN 服务之前通过运行将其更改为许可模式。我想你是以 root 身份运行的。如果没有,则在所有命令前加上sudo
. 嘿伙计们,我想我找到了解决方案。首先,我通过命令行指定配置文件运行 openvpn,以确保一切正常。我的正确工作证明是 openvpn 正在运行并且 openvpn 日志不返回任何错误。一切都很好,我需要发现 systemd 调用的脚本在哪里,我在 /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants 中找到了它们。还有脚本 openvpn@server.service。我发现两件事。- 在“openvpn@server.service”中,@ 后面的“server”表示服务器配置文件的名称。- 所以我在脚本中打开并看到参数'ExecStart=/usr/sbin/openvpn --cd /etc/openvpn/server --config %i.conf'。其中 %i 是“@”之后的名称,因此是 server.conf。--cd 表示“更改目录”或 openvpn 开始读取的“/”。
就我而言,--cd 指向 /etc/openvpn/,但我的 server.config 和所有其他文件都在 /etc/openvpn/server 中。于是我把--cd中的路径改成/etc/openvpn/server,保存,运行systemctl daemon-reload,服务就开始正常启动了。
我尝试创建符号链接并将 server.conf 复制到 openvpn 目录,但它不起作用。我不知道究竟是为什么,据我怀疑,它在恢复文件中不存在。我希望这对您有所帮助,因为现在距离我开始解决这个(因为有其他人)问题已经整整四个小时了。
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