RedHat上安装MySQL
1593 人阅读 | 时间：2018年12月03日 09:36
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1、查看系统中是否已将安装MySQL，如果安装了，需要卸载。
[root@chenguo etc]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
2、创建用户和组
[root@chenguo ~]# groupadd mysql [root@chenguo ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -p root mysql
3、通过SSH将mysql安装包放到/usr/local目录下面，并进行解压操作。
[chenguo@chenguo ~]$ cd /usr/local/[chenguo@chenguo local]$ tar -xvf mysql-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
解压之后出现如下：
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-devel-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-test-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-embedded-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
4、安装时候会提示与已经安装的RPM包有冲突，所以我们先卸载一些RPM包，要卸载哪些呢？我们要卸载的是包含有mariadb关键字的RPM包，执行命令：
[chenguo@chenguo local]$ rpm -qa|grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
使用命令卸载：
[chenguo@chenguo local]$ su -[root@chenguo ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 --nodeps
或者使用：
[root@chenguo ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
5、进行MySQL包安装
[root@chenguo lib]# su -chenguo [chenguo@chenguo lib]$ cd /usr/local/[chenguo@chenguo local]$ rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: can't create transaction lock on /var/lib/rpm/.rpm.lock (Permission denied)
出现错误，改用root用户进行安装：
[chenguo@chenguo local]$ su -[root@chenguo local]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.e################################# [100%][root@chenguo local]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.16-1.el7################################# [100%][root@chenguo local]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-client-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-client-5.7.16-1.er################################# [100%])[root@chenguo local]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.e################################# [100%] |
6、命令执行完毕后，mysql就安装完成，下面需要做的就是对mysql 进行初始化
[root@chenguo bin]# cd /usr/local/bin [root@chenguo bin]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql [root@chenguo bin]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql2016-11-18T08:46:09.910921Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2016-11-18T08:46:09.912342Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.2016-11-18T08:46:09.912368Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
解决办法：
进入/var/lib/目录中查看是否有mysql目录，有的话进行删除：
[root@chenguo bin]# cd /var/lib [root@chenguo lib]# rm -rf mysql [root@chenguo local]# cd /usr/local/bin/[root@chenguo bin]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
7、启动mysql服务
[root@chenguo lib]# systemctl start mysqld Job for mysqld.service failed. See 'systemctl status mysqld.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.
启动失败解决办法：
首先，查看/var/lib/mysql-files目录是否存在：
[root@chenguo lib]# ls -ld /var/lib/mysql-files
如果不显示任何信息就表示不存在，执行命令：
[root@chenguo lib]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-files
这时，我们试着执行命令：
[root@chenguo lib]# systemctl start mysqld
如果还出现和下图一样的提示，我们执行另一条命令：
[root@chenguo lib]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
依然出错。
查看日志信息：
[root@chenguo ~]# journalctl |grep mysql
启动失败也有可能是SElinux导致，关闭SElinux功能：
vim /etc/selinux/config 修改文件永久关闭
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=enforcing # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted
SELINUX=permissive #修改此参数为permissive
查看系统日志：
[root@chenguo ~]# cd /var/log [root@chenguo log]# cat mysqld.log
2016-11-22T02:51:32.860176Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.2016-11-22T02:51:32.860231Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to the directory.2016-11-22T02:51:32.860238Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: os_file_get_status() failed on './ibdata1'. Can't determine file permissions2016-11-22T02:51:32.860246Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Plugin initialization aborted with error Generic error2016-11-22T02:51:33.471773Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.2016-11-22T02:51:33.471974Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.2016-11-22T02:51:33.472096Z 0 [ERROR] Failed to initialize plugins.2016-11-22T02:51:33.472245Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
[root@chenguo bin]# ls -ld /usr/sbin/mysqld-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 241273154 Sep 28 13:35 /usr/sbin/mysqld [root@chenguo bin]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/sbin/mysqld
启动之后依然报错
还原权限：
[root@chenguo bin]# chown -R root:root /usr/sbin/mysqld
在重启了系统之后，使用：
[root@chenguo lib]# systemctl start mysqld
居然神奇的成功了，搞不懂。应该是最后的vim /etc/selinux/config 修改文件永久关闭，这个操作实现的
8、允许mysql远程访问
[root@chenguo ~]# mysql mysql> use mysql; mysql> select host, user from user; mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'; mysql> select host, user from user;
9、退出mysql
mysql> exit
10、查看和修改数据库编码
[root@chenguo ~]# mysql mysql> use mysql; mysql> select Host,user from user where User='root'; mysql> show variables like 'character%';+--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
设置数据库的编码：
mysql> exit [root@chenguo ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
在其中加入如下内容：
character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci 如果要修改其他的属性可以继续添加： character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci max_connections=1000table_open_cache=6000thread_cache_size=50open_files_limit=8000event_scheduler=ON group_concat_max_len=999999999999
拷贝my.cnf文件内容：
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html[mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci max_connections=1000table_open_cache=6000thread_cache_size=50open_files_limit=8000event_scheduler=ON group_concat_max_len=999999999999# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
修改配置后需要重启mysql：
[root@chenguo ~]# systemctl stop mysqld [root@chenguo ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
进入mysql，查看修改内容是否成功：
[root@chenguo ~]# mysql mysql> use mysql mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'event_scheduler'; mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'group_concat_max_len';
PS：当切换mysql的时候出现错误：
[root@chenguo ~]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
我的错误解决是直接将上面的第6步重新做一次
6、命令执行完毕后，mysql就安装完成，下面需要做的就是对mysql 进行初始化 [root@chenguo bin]# cd /usr/local/bin [root@chenguo bin]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql [root@chenguo bin]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql2016-11-18T08:46:09.910921Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2016-11-18T08:46:09.912342Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.2016-11-18T08:46:09.912368Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting 解决办法： 进入/var/lib/目录中查看是否有mysql目录，有的话进行删除： [root@chenguo bin]# cd /var/lib [root@chenguo lib]# rm -rf mysql [root@chenguo local]# cd /usr/local/bin/[root@chenguo bin]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
修改root用户密码的操作：
[root@chenguo ~]# mysql
mysql> use mysql
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD('root') where User='root';出现如下错误：
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
原因：mysql数据库中的user下已经没有password这个字段，而变成了authentication_string，因此修改语句为：
mysql> update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD('root') where User='root';修改密码后，使用：
[root@chenguo ~]# systemctl stop mysqld [root@chenguo ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
然后使用：
[root@chenguo ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:
才能登录mysql。
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